Agroforestry is increasingly recognized as an important tool for mitigating and adapting to climate change, but often trees on farms are overlooked when evaluating, planning and designing agroforestry applications.  Various terms have been used to describe agroforestry systems that include the purposeful incorporation of trees on agricultural lands, including parklands, multipurpose trees on farms, trees outside forests, agrisilviculture, alley cropping and agrosilvopastoral systems.  Past scientific research efforts have primarily focused on parkland systems in the Sahelian region of Africa where scattered trees are managed by local people for a variety of benefits, such as fuelwood, shade for livestock, and soil amelioration. However, according to one report, approximately 43% of agricultural land worldwide had a tree cover of more than 10%, suggesting that trees on farms are a widespread yet poorly studied phenomenon.  In addition to providing important goods to local people, trees on farms provide a range of ecosystem services at local to global scales. At the local scale, trees help to stabilize soils and reduce erosion, provide food and habitat to support diverse wildlife, ameliorate microclimate through shading and ameliorating temperature and moisture extremes, and enhance soil organic matter, fertility, and infiltration and storage capacity. At regional to global scales, trees sequester and store large amounts of carbon, regulate hydrologic cycles to maintain stable dry season flows and mitigate downstream flooding, and influence climate through their effects on transpiration, surface and canopy evaporation, and albedo.  In Mexico, recent work assessing agroforestry practices that incorporate trees on farms, and have documented their significant ecological and cultural value, including their use in traditional healing practices and religious ceremonies, the production of foods to supplement nutritional needs or connected to traditional cuisines, and their incorporation into terrace systems to stabilize soils.  Here, we propose an oral session focused on agricultural systems worldwide that include trees but are often not considered as belonging to conventional definitions of agroforestry.  We are inviting presentations on research that explores a wide range of different products and ecosystems services provided by trees on farms in tropical regions of the world, including their cultural and historical importance, medicinal values, roles in enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability, and their contribution to climate resilience and adaptation.